P2X7 receptor (P2X7) is a ligand-gated ion channel which is activated in the presence of ATP, allowing calcium ions (Ca2+) to enter the cell through the opening of a pore. Prolonged exposure to ATP leads to conformational change in P2X7, leading to the formation of a non-functional form, nfP2X7. Recent studies have identified nfP2X7 on various cancer cells including ovarian cancer, but not healthy cells, which makes it a promising tumour associated antigen candidate for CAR T-cell immunotherapies.
In this study we assessed the effects of nfP2X7 CAR-T on ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3), normal peritoneal cells (LP-9) and primary serous ovarian cancer cells in vitro by MTT assay. We evaluated the effects of nfP2X7 CAR-T using a patient derived explant assay. In addition, we investigated the effect of nfP2X7 CD3 CAR-T-cells in vivo using an OVCAR-3 xenograft model. OVCAR-3-Luc cells were injected intra-peritoneally (i.p,) into NOD/SCID (NSG) mice and mice with detectable tumours were randomised after 21 days to receive an i.p. injection of either nfP2X7 CAR T cells or un-transduced (UT) T cells..
nfP2X7 CAR-T significantly inhibited the survival of OVCAR-3 and primary serous ovarian cancer derived from patient ascites compared to UT T cells. No significant effects of nfP2X7 CAR-T were observed on SKOV3 or LP-9 cells. nfP2X7 CAR T-cells induced significantly more apoptosis (measured by cleaved caspase 3 immunohistochemistry) compared to an equal number of UT T cells using a patient derived explant assay. Treatment with nfP2X7 CAR-T cells significantly reduced tumour burden in mice injected with OVCAR-3 cells compared to UT T cells after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that nfP2X7 CAR-T-cells have great potential to be developed as novel immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.